Usoro mmịpụta ihe ọkụkụ
Usoro a na-ejikarị akwụkwọ osisi nke genus Ursi dị ka akụrụngwa, ma na-eji ihe mgbaze organic, mmịpụta, chromatography kọlụm na ụzọ nkewa na ịdị ọcha ndị ọzọ iji nweta.arbutin wepụ. N'ihe dị ka afọ 1930, a kọrọ na yaarbutin dị na epupụta nke nkume kabeeji. Nnyocha ndị sochirinụ egosila na a na-ahụkwa arbutin na akwụkwọ osisi osikapa ojii, bilberry, bearberry na osisi pear. glycosides.
Ebe ọ bụ na ọdịnaya nke arbutin dị na osisi dị ntakịrị, usoro mmịpụta ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, na ịdị ọcha nke mmepụta adịghị elu, ya mere na mmepe nke ụzọ nkwadebe ndị ọzọ, usoro mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ ejiri nwayọọ nwayọọ tụfuo uru asọmpi ya.
Omenala anụ ahụ osisi
Usoro omenala anụ ahụ osisi na-eji ikike glycosylation nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ mee ka hydroquinone ghọọ arbutin. E jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ mmịpụta ihe ọkụkụ, arụmọrụ nke inweta arbutin na-eji usoro omenala anụ ahụ osisi dị elu karịa. Mgbe ị na-etinye usoro a, ịhọrọ usoro omenala anụ ahụ nke osisi na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ikpebi ọnọdụ omenala kwesịrị ekwesị bụ isi.
T ya akụrụngwa eji na usoro omenala anụ ahụ osisi dị ọcha, ntughari ọnụego dị elu, na mmepụta na-enweghị mmetọ. Otú ọ dị, usoro mmepụta ihe dị ogologo, nkewa na ịdị ọcha dị mgbagwoju anya, na mmepụta mmepụta ihe dị ntakịrị. Ịghọtakwu usoro uto nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, ịkọwapụta isi ihe na-emetụta usoro nhazi ahụ, ime ka usoro mmepụta ihe na-ebelata, na imeziwanye mkpụrụ bụ isi ihe dị mkpa a ga-edozi na ntinye nke usoro a.
Usoro njikọ nke enzymes
Usoro njikọ enzyme na-ejikarị glycosyltransferase ma ọ bụ glycosidase dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali iji mee ka mbufe glycosyl gbanwee ma gbanwee mmeghachi omume hydrolysis iji mepụta glycosides, ya bụ, arbutin na-enweta site na hydroquinone na glucose n'okpuru catalysis nke glycosidase.
Usoro njikọ enzyme nwere usoro dị mfe, nrụpụta ọrụ dị elu, yana atụmanya mmepe nwere nnukwu nchekwube. Site na nyocha miri emi na usoro a n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a chọpụtala ọtụtụ zymogens dabara adaba, ọnụ ọgụgụ njikọ nke arbutin na-abawanye na elu. A kwenyere na usoro a ga-abụ otu n'ime ntụziaka nyocha maka njikọ nke arbutin n'ọdịnihu. otu.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
Na mkpokọta, njikọ kemịkalụ nke arbutin na-eji glucose na hydroquinone dị ka akụrụngwa. Mgbe echekwabara ha abụọ nke ọma, ha na-enweta mmeghachi omume glycosidation wee wepụ otu nchekwa ahụ. Usoro njikọ nke kemịkalụ aghọwo usoro kachasị mkpa maka ịkwadebe arbutin n'ihi uru ya nke mma ngwaahịa sịntetik dị mma na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị ala, ma nweta mmepụta mmepụta ihe n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na China, a na-ejikarị glucose anhydrous eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa, yanab -arbutin na-emepụta site na nchebe acylation, catalytic condensation, na alkaline hydrolysis. Site na mmepe teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka usoro maka njikọ anụ ụlọ nke arbutin dị mfe, ọnụ ọgụgụ njikọ ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, na ogo eruola ọkwa dị elu nke mba ụwa. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi stereoselectivity na-adịghị mma nke ngwaahịa ahụ na njikọ nke kemịkalụ, a ka na-achọkwu nchọpụta miri emi iji chọta usoro nhazi kemịkalụ nke ọma na kpọmkwem maka ịkwadebe.a- arbutin.
Nchekwa nke arbutin
N'ihi na hydroquinone nwere mmetụta nke igbochi tyrosinase, a na-eji ya mee ihe n'oge mbụ mgbochi freckle na ịcha ọcha iji belata pigmentation akpụkpọ. Nnyocha e mesịrị chọpụta na hydroquinone nwere ihe ize ndụ nke ịkpata exogenous ochronosis na vitiligo, yana mmetụta uche na carcinogenesis. Ihe ize ndụ nwere ike ime, edepụtara ya dị ka akụrụngwa amachibidoro ihe ịchọ mma na obodo m. Arbutin bụkwa onye na-egbochi tyrosinase yana dochie hydroquinone. N'okpuru ọnọdụ dịka uru pH dị ala, okpomọkụ dị elu, na irradiation ultraviolet, arbutin nwere ike gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ hydroquinone n'okpuru omume nke microorganisms akpụkpọ anụ ma ọ bụ glucosidase, na-ebute ihe ize ndụ nke mmetụta uche, genotoxicity, ma ọ bụ carcinogenesis. Ya mere, nchọpụta nchekwa nke arbutin na-adọta mmasị ụlọ ọrụ mgbe niile.
Na Febụwarị 2023, SCCS wepụtara echiche ikpeazụ ya gbasara nchekwa nkea- arbutin nab-arbutin na ịchọ mma (SCCS/1642/22), na nkwubi okwu ndị a
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